Preface Introduction Lesson One: Legitimate Expansions Lesson Two: Types of Legitimate Expansions Lesson Three: Types of Legitimate Reductions Lesson Four: Functional Equivalence Lesson Five: Form and Meaning Test One Lesson Six: Acceptable Types of Translation Lesson Seven: Priorities in Translating Lesson Eight: Literary Translation Lesson Nine: Translating Poetry Lesson Ten: Literary Translation as a Branch of Comparative Literature Test Two Lesson Eleven: Ideal Translation Lesson Twelve: Translation of Metaphor Lesson Thirteen: Translation Assessment (1) Lesson Fourteen: Translation Assessment (2) Lesson Fifteen: Translation Assessment (3) Test Three Answers to the Tests References